Perception of Hurricane and COVID-19 Risks for Household Evacuation and Shelter Intentions

The COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges for scholars and government officials to predict people's evacuation decisions under a conflicting natural disaster. In this study, we examined households' evacuation and shelter intentions given the potential conflicts between the perceived risks from a hurricane and the coexisting public health crisis. We surveyed households living inside hurricane evacuation zones in Florida during the 2020 hurricane season. Data were first used to examine the evacuation and shelter intentions before and during the pandemic. We then measured respondents' hurricane and COVID-19 risk perception, respectively. The impacts of both risk perceptions on respondents' hurricane evacuation intentions were explored. We found that when people felt unsafe to stay home for a Category 2, 3, or 4 hurricane, their intended evacuation was about the same before and during the pandemic regardless of their COVID-19 risk perception. The COVID-19 risk perception, however, significantly lowered the evacuation intention for a Category 1 hurricane. It also significantly influenced evacuees' preference for nontraditional shelters such as government-contracted hotels. The results of our study have practical implications for emergency management and public health governance. Our study also provides insights into decision-making under the conflict between natural hazards and infectious diseases. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] La pandemia del COVID-19 planteó nuevos retos a los eruditos y funcionarios gubernamentales para predecir las decisiones de evacuación de la gente sometida a un desastre natural conflictivo. En este estudio, examinamos la evacuación e intenciones de albergue de familias teniendo en cuenta potenciales conflictos entre los riesgos percibidos de un huracán y las crisis coexistentes en la salud pública. Encuestamos a las familias que residían en las zonas de evacuación por huracanes de la Florida durante la temporada de huracanes del 2020. Los datos se usaron primero para examinar las intenciones de evacuación y de refugio antes y durante la pandemia. Después, medimos la percepción del riesgo de afectaciones por huracanes y COVID-19 de los encuestados, respectivamente. Se exploraron los impactos de ambos tipos de percepciones de riesgo en las intenciones de evacuación, por encuestado. Hallamos que cuando la gente se siente insegura de permanecer en casa frente a huracanes de las categorías 2, 3 y 4, su evacuación intencionada era más o menos la misma de antes y durante la pandemia, sin importar la percepción del riesgo de COVID-19. No obstante, la percepción del riesgo de COVID-19 redujo de manera significativa la evaluación de la intención de evacuación para un huracán de categoría 1. Eso también influyó significativamente en la preferencia de los evacuados por refugios no tradicionales, como los hoteles contratados por el gobierno. Los resultados de nuestro estudio tienen implicaciones prácticas en el manejo de las emergencias y la gobernanza de la salud pública. También proporciona nuestro estudio nuevas visiones en lo que concierne a toma de decisiones bajo condiciones de conflicto entre las catástrofes naturales y la enfermedades contagiosas. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] 新冠肺炎流行病与其它自然灾害相互冲突, 给专家和政府预测人群的疏散决定提出了新的挑战。我们探讨了家庭疏散和避难的意愿, 考虑了飓风的感知风险与公共卫生危机之间的潜在冲突。我们调查了2020年飓风季节美国佛罗里达州飓风疏散区内的家庭。首先, 基于数据探讨了流行病之前和期间的疏散和避难意愿。然后, 我们分别度量了受访者对飓风和新冠肺炎的风险感知。探讨了这两种风险感知对受访者飓风疏散意愿的影响。我们发现, 在2、3或4级飓风中, 当人们认为居家危险时, 不管如何感知新冠肺炎风险, 人们在新冠肺炎流行之前和期间的疏散意愿大致相同。然而, 新冠肺炎风险感知显著降低了1级飓风的撤离意愿。它还显著影响了疏散者对非传统庇护所（如, 政府指定酒店）的偏好。我们的研究结果, 对应急管理和公共卫生治理具有实际意义。我们的研究, 还为自然灾害和传染病相互冲突情况下的决策提供了见解。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Social Distance with Tourists in U.S. Counties with the Highest Historical Numbers of Reported COVID-19 Cases

With destinations steadily ‘opening back up for business' (while COVID-19 cases are still high in many areas), there is an increasing need to consider residents. Integrating the cognitive appraisal theory and the affect theory of exchange, this work tests a structural model examining the degree to which residents' perceptions of COVID-19 precautionary measures explain emotions directed toward visitors, and ultimately their willingness to engage in shared behaviors with tourists. Data were collected from 530 residents in 25 U.S. counties with the highest percentages of historical COVID-19 cases per population. A total of 10 of the 12 tested hypotheses were significant, contributing to 60% and 85% of the variance explained in contending and accommodating emotions, and 53% and 50% of the variance explained in engaging in less intimate–distal and more intimate–proximal behaviors with tourists. The implications highlight the complementary use of the two frameworks in explaining residents' preference for engagement in less intimate–distal interactions with tourists.

Traffic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Statewide Analysis of Social Separation and Activity Restriction

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant social and economic impacts throughout the world. In addition to the health consequences, the impacts on travel behavior have also been sudden and wide ranging. This study describes the drastic changes in human behavior using the analysis of highway volume data as a representation of personal activity and interaction. Same-day traffic volumes for 2019 and 2020 across Florida were analyzed to identify spatial and temporal changes in behavior resulting from the disease or fear of it and statewide directives to limit person-to-person interaction. Compared to similar days in 2019, overall statewide traffic volume dropped by 47.5%. Although decreases were evident across the state, there were also differences between rural and urban areas and between highways and arterials both in terms of the timing and extent. The data and analyses help to demonstrate the early impacts of the pandemic and may be useful for operational and strategic planning of recovery efforts and for dealing with future pandemics.

Protecting Food Security, and Increasing Nutrition as Well as Food System Resilience Through Climate Change Adaptation in Greater Miami

Food insecurity, defined as the lack of access to affordable and nutritious food, is one of the greatest challenges of our generation. Worldwide it affects more than 750 million people, with the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic pushing this number towards 1 billion. Aside from a lack of food, poor nutrition related to overconsumption of nutrients of concern such as sugar and salt, is creating a global health pandemic. In the United States, it is estimated that by 2030, close to a staggering half of the population will be obese. Obesity has been linked to a variety of diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular conditions that kill more people than cancer on a global scale. These lifestyle diseases rooted in the nutritional value of consumed food are thereby largely preventable, provided a focus on the issue, and effective interventions. Climate change, which augments severe weather events, the number of heat days, and triggers stressors such as sea level rise, is exacerbating the issue of food insecurity by affecting the entire food system from production to consumption. This chapter discusses what the Southeast Florida region Greater Miami is doing to address food security as part of their climate change adaptation initiatives. Miami is "Ground Zero” for the effects of climate change with sea level rise putting in danger economic viability, and ultimately livability in this beautiful coastal region. The counties and municipalities in Greater Miami are spearheading initiatives that have been praised on a national level and are mainly related to infrastructure improvements to adapt to sea level rise. However, as this chapter discusses, they fall short on addressing food security, and nutrition as well as food system resilience. Thus, recommendations will be given to address these issues, based on tertiary research. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.

Predictors of Alcohol Use Among Latinx Men in South Florida: Machismo as a Correlate of Alcohol Use Frequency and Quantity.

Previous studies have found Latinx cultural values to be positively associated with healthy behaviors. This study aims to examine socioeconomic and cultural correlates of alcohol use among Latinx adult men living in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The study sample included 122 Latinx adult men (mean age = 44, SD = 10), predominantly of South and Central American origin. Data was collected using REDCap. Interviews included the Timeline Follow-Back scale for alcohol use. Results indicate that Caribbean participants were significantly less likely to report drinking in the past 90 days (aOR = 0.08, p = 0.042) compared to their Venezuelan counterparts. Higher machismo scores were associated with low drinking frequency (aRR = 0.67, p = 0.043), while no significant associations were found between machismo and other drinking outcomes. Drinking quantity and frequency are significantly associated with higher income and authorized immigration status in the US among Latinx men in South Florida. Higher machismo scores were associated with low drinking frequency.

The Impact of COVID-19, Election Policies, and Partisanship on Voter Participation in the 2020 U.S. Election

The COVID-19 pandemic had the potential to wreak havoc on elections. Democracies initiated varied policies to minimize health risks to voters and election workers. This study assesses the impact of voting policies, personal exposure to COVID, and partisanship on voter behavior in the 2020 U.S. general election. Using a comparative state-politics approach and new data, we demonstrate that exposure to COVID substantially influenced voter turnout, and election policies had a major effect on whether a voter cast a ballot by mail, early in-person, or in-person on Election Day. Unique circumstances, including the emergence of voting policies as a polarizing issue, also spawned a new partisan voting gap that is especially prominent among heavy news consumers. Compared to 2018, many more Democrats than Republicans abandoned Election Day voting in favor of mail voting.

The Weaponisation of Public Comment Rules in Policy Deliberations A Case Study of COVID-19 Community Engagement at Florida Schools

The Covid-19 pandemic heightened already intense and increased scrutiny of public education in recent years. The administrative impulse to stage community engagement efforts to deliberate upon these questions, however well-intentioned, rarely realises full community engagement and reflection. Based on an examination of public engagement events held at Florida schools related to the Covid-19 health crisis, the proposed essay identifies a more concerning transformation of "public comment" into a weaponisable prop for lawmakers seeking the public legitimacy necessary for their agenda, marrying the worlds of critical studies with those of public administration and its orientations. More than merely failing to genuinely engage the public, we argue that such events forestall a more productive arrangement of the democratic form that does not rely on publicness and the leader that secures that space. Ultimately, we suggest a path that affords the possibility of public engagement, but that does not seal off the possibility of that more radical democratic future to come.

Comparison of Survivorship and Failure Modes Between Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Across Multiple Government Joint Registries for a Single Platform Shoulder System

[...]recent years have seen a dramatic shift in utilization of rTSA in which rTSA is increasingly used to treat OA in patients with an intact rotator cuff, with a corresponding decline in use of aTSA.1-5 The reasons for this shift in usage are multi-factorial but may be due to the perceived lower risk of revision surgery with rTSA relative to aTSA, as the quality of the rotator cuff muscles and tendon are not necessary for a functional rTSA but are pre-requisite for a functional aTSA. Furthermore, these registries have high rates of government-mandated compliance such that all patients are enrolled and very few patients are lost to follow-up, thus minimizing the potential for selection bias that is inherently present in nearly all nongovernment registry clinical outcome studies. [...]to better understand the relative differences in primary aTSA and primary rTSA usage and performance, we analyzed two different government joint registries for survivorship and for reasons for revision associated with one platform shoulder system and compared trends in usage of aTSA and rTSA over a period of over 10 years to elucidate reasons for any market trends. Additionally, reasons for revision and the cumulative revision rate were assessed across the government joint registries to quantify and compare the performance of this platform shoulder prosthesis for primary aTSA and primary rTSA in each country over the study period. Over the period of analysis, use of primary aTSA and primary rTSA with the particular platform system has increased year to year in both Australia and the UK, with the exception of a decline in 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19.

A free-standing children's hospital helps a post-partum woman needing VV-ECMO during COVID-19 Pandemic when ECMO resources were limited

Our case is a 21 y/o pregnant female, 26weeks gestation who presented to OB triage with COVID-19. She was admitted to OB/GYN unit in acute hypoxic respiratory failure and started on steroids and remdesivir. On hospital day 6, she underwent an emergent c-section for fetal distress due to increasing hypoxia and severe ARDS. As her arterial blood gas being ph 7.17/81/40/29.6/-0.4, lactate 6.8nmol/L with escalating vasoactive medication and ventilator settings;ECMO was decided. However, all adult ECMO resources were limited, even within other adult facilities in Central Florida. Through multidisciplinary discussions amongst OB/GYN, adult ICU, and our pediatric ECMO activation team, it was decided to transfer the patient to our free-standing pediatric hospital. The patient was successfully transferred and cannulated for VV-ECMO. Total ECMO run was 413 hours. On ECMO day #12 patient underwent a tracheostomy. On ECMO day # 17, patient developed headaches and seizure activity in which CT revealed a subdural hemorrhage. She was taken off ECMO and underwent an emergent decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation by our pediatric neurosurgical team. Once stable enough, she was discharged post ECMO day #15 (PICU day #32) to rehabilitation center. Two weeks later she had her bone flap replaced, trach removed, and she walked out of our unit home. This case exudes two key points for discussion. The first point of understanding ECMO physiology allows a team to treat many different patient populations. Although this patient was unusual to our pediatric bedside providers being post-partum, our team knew we could help. The second key point is excellent multidisciplinary teamwork and that communication is essential. At Orlando Health Arnold Palmer Hospital, our ECMO activation team consists of surgeons, pediatric intensivists, CT surgeons, perfusionists, nursing, and administration. We meet virtually to discuss how to execute initiation and daily ECMO treatment plans. There were some on the virtual call that were hesitant in accepting care of this adult due to variety of reasons, saying no would have been the easier answer, but not the right thing to do. What we learned from this case may seem so obvious and simple but very difficult to execute;multidisciplinary teamwork, humility, and open communication gave this patient the ability to walk out of the hospital with her baby. Other pediatric ECMO teams can learn from this case is they too can help in extraordinary times such as during a pandemic when adult recourses are limited.

Adolescents' In-Person and Online Interactions With Friends During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Associations With Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms

Adolescents' interactions with friends were severely disrupted during stay-at-home orders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study (N = 144, 49% female, 80% European American) considered adolescents' perceptions of this disruption and the implications of the disruption for their emotional adjustment. Adolescents reported that not seeing friends was the most distressing consequence of the pandemic. Compared to before the pandemic, adolescents reported a large decrease in in-person interactions with friends, which was related to loneliness. There was a small increase in online interactions, which could counteract the effects of fewer in-person interactions, but only if the interactions felt socially connected. Online interactions lacking social connection were related to greater loneliness and depressive symptoms.

"It all goes back to trust": a qualitative exploration of extension professionals' perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines in rural Florida

While urban communities experienced high levels of infection at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, rural communities experienced an increase of confirmed cases during the fall months of 2020. Rural Americans were also among the most hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of [State] extension professionals related to the COVID-19 vaccines in rural communities. Qualitative methods were utilized to gather data from extension professionals in rural area of [State], where vaccine uptake was below average. Results revealed frustration with the vaccine process, vaccine norms, and skepticism and mistrust to all be contributing factors to vaccine hesitancy in rural communities. Extension professionals discussed not feeling comfortable discussing topics related to public health with their clientele, citing the topic being outside their expertise. Practical recommendations from this study included utilizing a grassroots approach rather than relying on mass media, providing messages related to the COVID-19 vaccine that focus on education, rather than promotion, and testing new messages before they are disseminated.

COVID-19 and Urban Futures: Impacts on Business Closures in Miami-Dade County

The COVID-19 pandemic altered the local economic geographies of many U.S. cities, and it remains unclear how long these changes will persist. This study analyzed the sociospatial dynamics of business closures in Miami-Dade County, Florida, from August 2020 to August 2021 with an explicit focus on reconciling the pandemic's effects in the context of location theory. We found that traditional urban centers and transit-concentrated areas experienced disproportionately higher rates of business closures during the study period, suggesting a potential wave of commercial suburbanization in Miami. Middle-class and working-class Hispanic neighborhoods suffered the most business closures. The results of correlation analysis and spatial regression models suggested a positive association between the incidence of COVID-19 cases and business closures at both zip code and individual business levels. These results also beckon a revaluation of the role of certain urban externalities in traditional location theory. The importance of automobile accessibility and agglomeration effects are poised to persist beyond the pandemic, but the benefits of proximity to the public transport system might decline. The trends observed in Miami suggest that the pandemic could generate more automobile-reliant employment subcenters in U.S. cities and amplify problems of intraurban inequality and urban sprawl. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] La pandemia del COVID-19 alteró las geografías económicas locales de muchas ciudades de los Estados Unidos, y aún no hay claridad por cuánto tiempo más persistirán estos cambios. Este estudio analizó la dinámica socioespacial del cierre de negocios en el Condado de Miami-Dade, Florida, de agosto del 2020 hasta agosto del 2021, centrándose explícitamente en reconciliar los efectos de la pandemia dentro del contexto de la teoría locacional. Descubrimos que los centros urbanos tradicionales y las áreas de tránsito concentrado experimentaron tasas desproporcionadamente más altas de cierres de negocios durante el período del estudio, lo cual sugiere una ola potencial de suburbanización comercial en Miami. Los vecindarios hispánicos de clase media y de la clase trabajadora sufrieron al máximo de cierres de negocios. Los resultados del análisis de los modelos de correlación y regresión espacial sugirieron una asociación positiva entre la incidencia de los casos de COVID-19 y los cierres de negocios, tanto al nivel de los códigos zip como de los negocios individuales. Estos resultados también invitan a la revaluación del papel de ciertas externalidades urbanas en la teoría locacional tradicional. La importancia de la accesibilidad al automóvil y los efectos de la aglomeración muestran disposición a persistir más allá de la pandemia, opero los beneficios de la proximidad del sistema de transporte público podría declinar. La tendencia observada en Miami sugiere que la pandemia podría generar más subcentros de empleo dependientes del automóvil en las ciudades americanas y ampliar los problemas de desigualdad intraurbana y la dispersión urbana. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] COVID-19疫情改变了美国许多城市的地方经济地理。目前, 尚不清楚这些变化会持续多久。本研究分析了2020年8月至2021年8月期间佛罗里达州迈阿密-戴德县商业倒闭的社会空间变化, 根据区位理论探讨了对疫情影响的缓解。我们发现, 在此期间, 传统的城市中心和交通密集地区经历了不成比例的更高的商业倒闭率, 这表明迈阿密可能会出现商业郊区化浪潮。西班牙裔中产阶级和工人阶级社区出现了最多的商业倒闭。相关性分析和空间回归模型结果表明, 在邮政编码尺度和个体尺度, COVID-19发病率与商业倒闭都存在着正相关性。这些结果也呼吁, 需要重新评估某些城市外部特性在传统区位理论中的作用。汽车可及性和聚集效应的重要性将会一直持续到疫情之后, 但公共交通系统的临近优势可能会下降。迈阿密的趋势表明, COVID-19可能会在美国城市产生更多依赖于汽车的就业分中心, 加剧城市内部不平等、城市扩张等问题。 (Chinese) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Annals of the American Association of Geographers is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

State Public Health Communications and Public Compliance during the Pre-election SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Interpreting the Effectiveness of Messaging Guidelines Utilizing Moral Foundations Theory

Background: State-level public health messaging during the pre-election coronavirus pandemic was very inconsistent. Moral motivational content of the messages, as characterized by moral foundations theory, may have contributed to the degree of compliance in particular states. More attention to this content might result in greater compliance and a lessening of the pandemic's severity. Method(s): A comprehensive review of official state messaging in six U.S. states (California, Florida, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, and Texas) was reviewed for the number and distribution of moral foundations as described by moral foundations theory. A search was done for state-level data concerning compliance with mask-wearing and social distancing, the primary public precautionary measures during the pandemic. Rates of compliance by the state were compared with messaging content and analyzed for associations and correlations with the known partisan leanings of the states. Examples of messages with balanced moral foundations, which might be prospectively employed for greater acceptance, were presented. All data were gathered prior to the introduction of the first available vaccine. Result(s): Message review and compliance data suggested that the quantity and proportion of coronavirus-related official messages and the utilization of a balanced combination of moral foundations were associated with higher levels of compliance with the recommended public health measures and lower infection rates. The political orientations of states did not align with the use of known conservative/liberal preferred moral foundations as previously established by Moral Foundations Theory. Conclusion(s): Adjusting messaging with attention to the balanced employment of moral foundations can lead to wider acceptance of and compliance with preventive public health measures.Copyright © 2023 James F. Hall.

Uncertainty management in electricity demand forecasting with machine learning and ensemble learning: Case studies of COVID-19 in the US metropolitans

Improving load forecasting is becoming increasingly crucial for power system management and operational research. Disruptive influences can seriously impact both the supply and demand sides of power. This work examines the impact of the coronavirus on power usage in two US states from January 2020 to December 2020. A wide range of machine learning (ML) algorithms and ensemble learning are employed to conduct the analysis. The findings showed a surprising increase in monthly power use changes in Florida and Texas during the COVID-19 pandemic, in contrast to New York, where usage decreased over the same period. In Texas, the quantity of power usage rises from 2% to 6% practically every month, except for September, when it decreased by around 1%. For Florida, except for May, which showed a fall of roughly 2.5%, the growth varied from 2.5% to 7.5%. This indicates the need for more extensive research into such systems and the applicability of adopting groups of algorithms in learning the trends of electric power demand during uncertain events. Such learning will be helpful in forecasting future power demand changes due to especially public health-related scenarios. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

The Weaponisation of Public Comment Rules in Policy Deliberations

The Covid-19 pandemic heightened already intense and increased scrutiny of public education in recent years. The administrative impulse to stage community engagement efforts to deliberate upon these questions, however well-intentioned, rarely realises full community engagement and reflection. Based on an examination of public engagement events held at Florida schools related to the Covid-19 health crisis, the proposed essay identifies a more concerning transformation of "public comment” into a weaponisable prop for lawmakers seeking the public legitimacy necessary for their agenda, marrying the worlds of critical studies with those of public administration and its orientations. More than merely failing to genuinely engage the public, we argue that such events forestall a more productive arrangement of the democratic form that does not rely on publicness and the leader that secures that space. Ultimately, we suggest a path that affords the possibility of public engagement, but that does not seal off the possibility of that more radical democratic future to come. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Javnost-The Public is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)